[2025最新] 私人借貸英文全攻略：實用字彙、中英對照合約句型、Email 往來與談判範本一次掌握
- 爭取利率：Given our cash flow and credit record, would you consider reducing the rate by 0.5%? We can provide additional documentation if needed.
- 降低開辦：Could we cap the origination fee at 1% with a partial waiver upon timely repayment for the first three months?
- 彈性還本：We propose a right to prepay up to 20% of the outstanding principal per quarter without early repayment charge.
- 對保時程：To meet our procurement timeline, we would appreciate disbursement by [Date]. Please advise the checklist to expedite the review.
- 資訊對齊：For clarity, may we confirm the calculation basis (APR vs. nominal rate) and the 365-day convention in the agreement?
![[2025最新] 私人借貸英文全攻略：實用字彙、中英對照合約句型、Email 往來與談判範本一次掌握](/static/pictures/5a561db5cb9018c30e2cf9d6c5329b24.jpg "[2025最新] 私人借貸英文全攻略：實用字彙、中英對照合約句型、Email 往來與談判範本一次掌握")
Private lending 英文怎麼說？私人借貸英文 必備詞彙、合約句型與Email模板大全｜含中英對照表
想把私人借貸英文用得準、說得專業？在跨境溝通裡，一句 borrow/lend 搞錯主詞就可能造成合約理解偏差，更別說利率、費用與違約條款的法規解析。本文以實務導向整理 Private lending 的核心語彙、合約句型與 Email 往來模板，並把金額、利率與風險揭露轉成可直接套用的英文表述。你將學會區分 personal loan、private loan、peer-to-peer lending 的語境差異、掌握「誰借給誰」的語法重點、精準寫出還款排程與提前清償條款；同時以 7 條內部延伸閱讀把重點章節接起來，讓每一次問價、談判與對保都更順暢。文中提供兩個黑邊框工具（對照表＋行動清單），與三張圖示平均分布在章節之間，讓你能從今天就開始把私貸英語轉為可複用的 SOP。
定位與邊界：Private lending 與個人信貸、P2P 的英語語境
開始之前，先把三個容易混淆的詞放在同一張地圖上：private lending（私人放款/民間借貸）、personal loan（個人信貸，多由銀行或持牌機構提供）、以及 peer-to-peer (P2P) lending（平台撮合的點對點貸款）。在英文商務書信裡，「who lends to whom」必須一眼看懂，否則「I borrow you」這類中式直譯就會造成語意錯置。正確的核心是：
lend（A 把錢借給 B）／borrow（B 向 A 借錢）。因此你會寫：We are willing to lend you USD 10,000. 或 We intend to borrow USD 10,000 from your firm.
其次是 loan agreement 與 promissory note 的功能差異。前者是完整契約，涵蓋定義條款（Definitions）、陳述與保證（Representations and Warranties）、契約義務（Covenants）、違約事件（Events of Default）等；後者則是偏向「本票＋核心金額/利率/到期日」的精簡版本。兩者不互斥，視交易規模與風險選擇。若你需要把中文的「民間借貸」放入英文合約語境，建議逐項把條款「欄位化」，再對照英文的常見表述。延伸參考： 名詞定義與角色邊界的快速對照（內部連結）。
必備詞庫：中文→英文精準對照與常見誤用地雷
這份精選詞庫將日常溝通最常用到的中文名詞對應到可直接落地的英文，並附上語法與搭配字（collocations）。請把它當成「活文件」：每次往返郵件，把對方用語補進你的詞庫，久而久之你就會形成一套能快速複製的 私人借貸英文模板。 若要更完整的欄位化清單，可搭配： 中英對照大表（費用與條款）。
| 中文 | 英文 | 搭配字與說明 |
|---|---|---|
| 借款金額 | Loan amount / Principal | 可寫 principal amount of USD 10,000 |
| 年利率／月利率 | Annual / Monthly interest rate | 建議同時提供年化成本說明 APR |
| 開辦費／帳管費 | Origination fee / Account maintenance fee | 明確標示收費時點與基礎（固定或百分比） |
| 違約金／滯納金 | Early repayment charge / Late payment fee | 避免只寫 penalty，易有懲罰性涵義爭議 |
| 到期日／寬限期 | Maturity date / Grace period | 寬限不等於免息，請寫清是否計息 |
| 保證人／擔保品 | Guarantor / Collateral | 保證人用 guarantee，擔保用 security interest |
| 分期攤還表 | Amortization schedule | 以月付金額、利息/本金占比清楚列示 |
語法地雷方面，最常見的是把「借我」直譯成 borrow me。請記住：人做主詞時，用 lend 給別人；向別人拿錢時，才是 borrow from。此外，中文的「本利攤還」可用 principal-and-interest amortization 或簡寫 P&I；「只付息」則為 interest-only。若要以圖像化方式快速檢核條款搭配，可延伸： 條款搭配小抄。
合約核心句型：金額、利率、費用、到期與提前清償
合約的英文不是「翻譯」而是「建模」：把金額、利率、費用與時間轉成可執行的欄位與條款，語句短、定義清、歧義少。以下提供可直接貼上的基礎句型，你可以把數值替換後即用於草案或郵件確認：
金額與撥款：
The Lender agrees to make available to the Borrower a loan in the principal amount of USD 50,000, disbursed to the designated account on or before 15 November 2025.
利率與計息：
The Loan shall bear interest at an annual rate of 8.5% calculated on a 365-day basis, accruing daily and payable monthly in arrears.
費用揭露：
An origination fee of 1.5% of the principal shall be deducted from the disbursement. A monthly account maintenance fee of USD 15 applies.
到期與攤還：
The Loan shall be amortized in 24 equal monthly installments of principal and interest, with the first installment due on 1 December 2025 and the final maturity date on 1 November 2027.
提前清償：
The Borrower may prepay all or part of the Loan at any time upon 10 business days’ prior written notice, subject to an early repayment charge equal to 1.0% of the prepaid principal.
若要把這些句型延伸為完整章節，建議參考： 合約段落模板（可複製） 與 提前清償條款常見誤區，把 私人借貸英文從片語升級成可落地的條款集合。
從口語到條款：把「我們先借你三個月」寫成可執行的英文
中文說「先借你三個月」，很有彈性；但英文合約需要具體的日期、條件與觸發機制。你可以把口語拆成三段：A）起迄與金額；B）利率與費用；C）展延或轉期機制。範例如下：
We propose a three-month bridge loan of USD 20,000 at an annual interest rate of 10%, disbursed on 5 December 2025. The loan is interest-only during the term, with a bullet repayment on 5 March 2026. Upon mutual consent and satisfactory documentation, the parties may extend the term for another three months at the prevailing rate.
同樣地，把「若逾期三天」寫成 grace period 或 late payment 條款、把「帳管費」寫明收費時點（deducted upfront / payable monthly）。若需要更多轉譯案例，可延伸： 把口語轉為條款的 10 個範例。透過欄位化與條款化的過程，你的 私人借貸英文會自然變得簡潔與可驗證。
Email 模板大全：詢價、送件、補件、展延與收訖確認
郵件的重點在於「一次把可決策的資訊送到位」。以下為五個常用模板，已包含主旨與關鍵句。替換方括號即可使用。
詢價（Request for Terms）
Subject: Request for Private Loan Terms – [Borrower/Company]
Body: Dear [Name], We are exploring a private loan of [Amount] for [Purpose]. Please share your indicative terms including interest rate, fees (origination/account maintenance), repayment schedule, and required documentation. We prefer [Maturity/Amortization]. Thank you.
送件（Submission of Documents）
Subject: Submission of Documents – [Project/Loan]
Attached please find the documents as requested: [List]. Kindly confirm receipt and advise the expected timeline for preliminary review.
補件（Additional Information Provided）
Subject: Additional Documents – [Loan Reference]
We hereby provide the updated payslips and bank statements (Oct–Dec 2025). Please let us know if further information is required to proceed.
展延（Request for Extension）
Subject: Request for Extension – Repayment due [Date]
Due to [Reason], we request a two-week extension. We propose to pay accrued interest on the original due date and settle the principal on [New Date].
收訖確認（Acknowledgment of Repayment）
Subject: Acknowledgment of Full Repayment – [Loan Reference]
We confirm full settlement of the loan on [Date]. Please issue a release letter and confirm that no security interest remains outstanding.
若想把模板與條款連起來，建議再看： 郵件到合約的一致性檢核，確保每封信的措辭與正式文件一致。當你能把每一次往來沉澱成段落模板，你的 私人借貸英文溝通效能會倍增。
談判話術英文化：禮貌、堅定與數據導向的溝通句型
談判不是「強硬或退讓」二選一，而是「禮貌且數據導向」。以下提供一份黑邊框行動清單，把常見的中文訴求轉成英文句型，並以可核對的數據支撐，讓對方有階梯可下。
這些句型的關鍵是「具體、可驗證、可交換」。你可以把讓利（如加強文件、縮短撥款窗口）視為籌碼，換取費率與條款的優化。搭配前述模板，你的 私人借貸英文談判就能穩定產生成果。
法遵與風險揭露：跨境私貸的資訊充分與告知義務
民間借貸最容易忽略的是「資訊不對稱」。英文條款裡，建議加入 Disclosure 與 Risk Factors 段落，把費用、計息基礎、提前清償費、延遲費與爭議解決模式寫清楚。特別提醒：如果涉及擔保或保證，請分清 guarantee（連帶保證）與 indemnity（補償），並寫明責任上限與存續期間。若你需要一套快速檢核表協助定稿，可回看上文內部連結的各項對照表，把風險揭露與英文句型一一對齊。
跨幣別與準據法：利率換算、匯率波動與爭議解決條款
跨幣別私貸需要四件工具：A）利率年化與 APR 說明；B）匯率波動的風險揭露與換匯成本分擔；C）準據法（Governing Law）與管轄法院或仲裁（Jurisdiction/Arbitration）；D）稅務與扣繳（Withholding Tax）的處理。示例句：
Payments shall be made in USD. If the Borrower receives income in another currency, the Borrower shall bear the currency conversion costs. The parties acknowledge that exchange rate fluctuations may affect the effective cost of the Loan.
This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [Jurisdiction]. Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this Agreement shall be submitted to [Court/Arbitration Institution].
案例分享 Q&A：三種真實郵件往返的完整拆解
A 把需求改寫為：a three-month interest-only bridge loan，金額、用途、撥款日、到期日、提前清償條件一次講清楚。郵件主體可寫：We seek a three-month interest-only bridge loan of USD 15,000 for home renovation, disbursed by 12 Dec 2025, bullet repayment on 12 Mar 2026, with an option to extend for another three months subject to your review. 接著附上文件清單與時間表，最後用 Please advise your indicative terms including rate, fees, and documentation. 收尾。若條款往返，可引用上文的句型逐項確認，並把承諾回寫成 email record 作為日後對保依據。
A 用「交換」的概念提出條件：願意在首三個月提供更完整的帳務明細與專案合約，換取 a right to prepay up to 20% of outstanding principal per quarter 與把開辦費 cap 在 1%。郵件可寫：Given our revenue seasonality, we propose a partial prepayment right and a cap on the origination fee. In return, we will furnish monthly statements and milestone contracts for the first three months. 對方若要求提高利率，則以 APR 與總還款角度協商，避免只看名目利率。
A 先決定收付款幣別與換匯成本分擔，再決定準據法與管轄。郵件可寫：Payments shall be made in USD, and the Borrower shall bear the conversion costs. We propose Hong Kong law and HKIAC arbitration for dispute resolution. 補充：把匯率風險的提醒寫進 Risk Factors，並在 late payment 段落加上 grace period 的處理。這樣的寫法既專業又可執行。
FAQ 長答：常見 6+ 題一次釐清語法與法律重點
A 不行。Borrow 是「向某人借」，結構是 borrow ... from ...；lend 是「把錢借給某人」，結構是 lend ... to ...。因此寫 I borrow money from you 或 I lend money to you 才對。若要名詞化，使用 loan（貸款）、lender（出借人）、borrower（借款人）。你也可以以功能詞補強：extend credit to、seek financing from。把這些基本語法固定下來，你的 私人借貸英文會自然流暢許多。
A 名目利率（annual interest rate）只反映利息的標價；APR（年化總費用率）則把開辦、帳管、提前清償費等納入同一口徑以年化。英文合約裡可寫：For clarity, the Parties acknowledge that the nominal interest rate is 8.5% per annum, and the indicative APR is approximately 10.2% including fees. 當你用 APR 對齊雙方溝通，費用的透明度與可比較性都會大幅提升，避免事後爭議。
A 建議用 early repayment charge 或 prepayment fee，並寫成上限或比例：The Borrower may prepay all or part of the Loan at any time upon 10 business days’ notice, subject to an early repayment charge capped at 1.0% of the prepaid principal. 這樣既不會給人懲罰性（penal）的感覺，又能界定預付條件與成本。把通知期（notice period）與收費基礎（prepaid principal）寫清楚是關鍵。
A Guarantee 是第三人承諾對借款人債務負連帶責任；Collateral 是以資產設立擔保權（如動產/不動產）。條款上，保證會寫 guarantor 的責任上限、求償順序與存續；擔保會寫 security interest 的範圍、登記與解除（release）。若兩者並存，請在英文裡分開章節處理，避免把 guarantee 當成資產擔保來寫。
A 不一定。Grace period 多半是逾期前的寬限天數，不代表不計息。英文可寫：A grace period of 3 calendar days applies to each installment; interest continues to accrue during the grace period, but no late payment fee will be charged if payment is made within the grace period. 如此能避免「免息」與「免罰」的混淆。
A 建議把幣別、換匯成本與匯損風險明確寫進條款。示例：All payments shall be made in USD. The Borrower shall bear currency conversion costs and exchange rate differences. The Parties acknowledge that exchange rate fluctuations may affect the effective cost of the Loan. 這樣能把匯率風險的歸屬說清楚，也方便後續對帳。
延伸閱讀：把零散知識接成你的私貸英文 SOP
若你已把合約句型與郵件模板收好，以下三篇延伸閱讀可協助你把實務更完整地落地與迭代。加入書籤，下次複製即用。
行動與提醒：兩顆按鈕、一個小提示與更新日期
立刻行動：把本文提供的詞庫、合約句型與 Email 模板存成你的「私貸英文工具包」，每次往返都從模板開始、用數據與條款說話，讓 私人借貸英文成為你的穩定優勢。